Acute Care Hospitals
The hospital is for acute care. Most definitions of acute care include
physiological instability. It is implicit that problems precipitating
admission to a hospital cannot be handled safely or competently in
another setting. In other words, the hospital is oriented and motivated
by urgency.
The hospital is also characterized by the nature of the services
available. Problems require the around-the-clock presence of registered
nurses and the daily visits of physicians. Diagnostic and therapeutic
modalities are not available in other settings in the required time.
The hospital is frequently the place where important decisions about
medical care are made. Ideally, health care will identify and prevent
problems before a crisis leads to hospital admission. Nevertheless, it
is human nature that people don't always prepare for the
future. As outlined in the trajectory of illness of
a href="../rationale/slowdecline.html">overall decline
with acute crises, those crises frequently precipitate hospital
admission because they are not accompanied by either preparation or the
availability of services outside of the hospital.
This is one reason for so many foreseeable deaths in the hospital, and
why palliative care needs to be available there.
Particularly for adults, a significant percentage of admissions to
general medical services are precipitated by crises in symptom
management and the unmet need for palliative care. For a variety of
reasons such admissions are frequently not labeled in this way.
Nevertheless, a key objective for health care is to accurately assess
need and expectations for palliative care so that the services provided
are appropriate.
Hospitalization is a challenge to continuity of care. By abruptly
changing the setting, and at least part of the healthcare team,
overall health care plans can easily be disrupted. When the patient is
hospitalized for an exacerbation or complication of a chronic
progressive life-threatening illness, this is particularly problematic.
Next, consider care in long-term care facilities.
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CAPCManual Attribution:
von Gunten CF,
Ferris FD,
Portenoy RK,
Glajchen M, eds.
CAPCManual: How to Establish A Palliative Care Program.
New York, NY: Center to Advance Palliative Care, 2001.
©
Center for Palliative Studies, San Diego Hospice & Palliative Care, San Diego, CA
and
The Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, 2001
Permission to reproduce for non-commercial educational purposes with display of
attribution and
copyright is granted.
Last updated: February 20, 2002
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Elements
Select section:
Basis, Context, Components,
Case Examples
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Basis of Palliative Care Practice
Palliative Care Definitions
Historical Definitions
WHO
Oxford Textbook
ABHPM
NHPCO
Palliative Care
Applicability
Application to Patients at Risk
Differences–Hospice & Palliative Care
Values, Ethical Principles
Values
Ethical Principles
Conceptual Framework
Square of Care
Square of Organization
Square of Care & Organization
Norms / Standards of Practice
Guidelines
Policies, Procedures
What are They?
Developing, Implementing, Evaluating
Measures
Definitions of Common Terms
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Context
Tensions
In Therapeutic Relationships
Within Host Organizations
Within Healthcare System, Community
Who's the Customer
US Healthcare
Acute Care Hospitals
Long-term Care Facilities
Home
Hospice Care
Financing US Healthcare
Expenditures for EOL Care
Overview by Settings, Revenue Sources
Medicare
Medicaid
Commercial Insurers
Managed Care
Government (VA, Military)
Financing
Community Hospitals
Academic Hospitals
Subacute, Skilled Care
Custodial Care
Ambulatory Care
Home Care
Hospice Care
Eligibility
Covered Services
Reimbursement Rates
Unintended Consequences
Financing Physicians
Coding
Procedure / Service Codes
Coding Based on Time
Frequently Used E/M Codes
Example
Addition of Procedure Codes
Diagnosis Codes
ICD-9 Codes for Palliative Care
Avoiding Concurrent Billing Problems
Example
Documentation
Example
Physician Reimbursement
Medicare
Medicare Hospice Benefit
Non-hospice Physicians
Associated with a Hospice
Medicaid
Commercial Insurers
Managed Care
Government (VA, Military)
Financing Non-physician Providers
Hospital–Hospice Relationships
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Program Components
1º, 2º, 3º Model of Palliative Care Delivery
Interdisciplinary Care
Members of Interdisciplinary Team
Core Competencies
Physician
Nurse
Social Worker
Chaplain
Volunteer
Specialized Environments
Types of Services
Consultation Services
Consultation Etiquette
Consultation Documentation
Sample Note
Inpatient Units
Developing an Inpatient Unit
Staffing
Acuity
Nursing Model
Unit Size
General Ward vs. Palliative Care Unit
Roles
Decisions
Case Example
Nursing Staff
Physician Staff
Other Staff
Advice
Home Care
Eligibility, Medicare Home Health Benefit
Covered Services
Usually Not Covered
Hospice Care at Home
Ambulatory Outpatient Care
Respite Care
Financing Palliative Care Programs
Acute Hospital
Skilled Care Nursing Home
Hospice
Home Health
Ambulatory Outpatient
Managed Care
Financing Physicians in Palliative Care
Financing Non-physicians in Palliative Care
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Case Examples
CAPCManual Case Examples
Pioneer Program Case Examples
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