Evolution in Canada
In Canada, hospice and palliative care started as terms describing similar
approaches to care for the dying, primarily in inpatient units in acute or
long-term care facilities.
However the subsequent evolution of funding and system delivery models
that expanded access to hospice and palliative care services led to some
divergence in the use of these terms. While not universally true, the
term "palliative care" usually means medically driven programs developed
within the healthcare system. The term "hospice" usually refers to
programs developed outside the healthcare system that provide a
significant proportion of their care through volunteers. In most of the
10 provinces of Canada, a growing range of different palliative care
services are available on a regional basis. While there are now over
600 programs in existence, there is far from universal access to
palliative care services.
More recently, in an effort to recognize historical roots yet develop
common norms of practice for all providers, the Canadian Palliative Care
Association has created the term "hospice palliative care." While this
term is receiving wide acceptance as the term to describe the shared
approach to care, many individual programs continue to name themselves as
either "hospice" or "palliative care" programs in order to capitalize on the
relationship with their respective community and the historical perspective their
communities have of them.
Evolution in:
The United States
The United Kingdom
The convergent evolution
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CAPCManual Attribution:
von Gunten CF,
Ferris FD,
Portenoy RK,
Glajchen M, eds.
CAPCManual: How to Establish A Palliative Care Program.
New York, NY: Center to Advance Palliative Care, 2001.
©
Center for Palliative Studies, San Diego Hospice & Palliative Care, San Diego, CA
and
The Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, 2001
Permission to reproduce for non-commercial educational purposes with display of
attribution and
copyright is granted.
Last updated: February 20, 2002
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Rationale
Select section:
Changing Illness Experience
Changing Expectations and Needs
Progressive Healthcare Response
Responding to the Opportunity
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Changing Illness Experience
Illness in the Past
Progress Fighting Disaese
Illness Today
Prolonged Illness Experience
Chronic Disease Process
Determining Prognosis
Cancer
Manifestations
Predicament
Prolonged End-of-life Experience
Sudden Unexpected Death
Predictable Decline
Slow Decline, Multiple Acute Crises
Death in the US
Leading Causes of Death
Setting of Death
Desired
Reality
Multiple Issues Cause Suffering
The Square of Care
Morbidity
Pain
Need for Assistance
Social, Financial Impact
Implications for Care
Variable Need for Care
Opportunities
For Patients
For Families
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Changing Expectations and Needs
Increased Consumer Autonomy
Picker Institute 8 Dimensions of Care
Goals, Not Problems, Drive Care
Shift to Goal-oriented Care
Expect Competence, Expertise
Expect Comprehensive Assessment
Expect Effective Communication
Expect Participation in Decision-making
Expect Timely, Continous, Coordinated Care Delivery
Expect Assistance with Caregiving
Caregiver Training, Support
Caregiver Financial Support
Alternate Settings of Care
Respite Relief
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Progressive Healthcare Response
Focus on Disease-modifying Therapy
Focus on Care of the Dying
Early Hospice
Modern Hospice Movement
Dame Cicely Saunders
Origins of "Palliative Care”
Evolution of Hospice, Palliative Care
In United Kingdom
In Canada
In United States
Convergent Evolution
Hospice, Palliative Care in US Today
Hospice Growth
Continued Unmet Opportunity
A Public Health Issue
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Responding to the Opportunity
Paradigm Shift in Thinking
Provide Concurrent Care
Consider Application to Those at Risk
Expand Services, Settings of Care
1º, 2º, 3º Model of Delivery
Expand Access to Expertise
Create Specialized Environments
Many Names, Same Focus of Care
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